|
The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See〔The Holy See is often referred to as "the Vatican", a word of many meanings, since it can refer to the geographical area, known by that name even before Christianity, to the residence of the Pope, to the Holy See, and to the State of Vatican City, which was created in 1929〕 and the central body through which the Roman Pontiff conducts the affairs of the universal Catholic Church. It acts in his name and with his authority for the good and for the service of the particular Churches and provides the necessary central organization for the correct functioning of the Church and the achievement of its goals.〔Paul VI, Apostolic Constitution ''Regimini Ecclesiae universae'', 15 August 1967, publ. in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' 59 (1967), pp.885-928.〕〔(Code of Canon Law, can. 360 )〕〔Herghelegiu, Monica-Elena, ''Reservatio Papalis'', Lit Verlag, (Berlin, 2008), p.21, and chap. 2 ''passim''.〕 The structure and organization of responsibilities within the Curia is at present regulated by the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus issued by Pope John Paul II on 28 June 1988,〔The approved English translation of the text is available as a (pdf download )〕 which Pope Francis has decided to revise.〔http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2013/12/05/0811/01823.html〕〔http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1305064.htm〕〔http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/council-of-cardinals-begins-second-meeting-on-curial-reform/〕 ==Historical background== ''Curia'' in medieval and later Latin usage means "court" in the sense of "royal court" rather than "court of law". The Roman Curia, then, sometimes anglicized as the Court of Rome, as in the 1534 Act of Parliament that forbade appeals to it from England, is the Papal Court, and assists the Pope in carrying out his functions. The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but only the Second Section of the Secretariat of State, known also as the Section for Relations with States, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (established in 1939 by Pius XII) and the Congregation for Catholic Education, can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government. It is normal for every Latin Catholic diocese to have its own ''curia'' for its administration. For the Diocese of Rome, these functions are ''not'' handled by the Roman Curia, but by the Vicariate General of His Holiness for the City of Rome, as provided by the Apostolic Constitution ''Ecclesia in Urbe''. The Vicar General of Rome, traditionally a cardinal, and his deputy the vicegerent, who holds the personal title of archbishop, supervise the governance of the diocese by reference to the Pope himself, but with no more dependence on the Roman Curia, as such, than other Catholic dioceses throughout the world. A distinct office, the Vicar General for Vatican City, administers the portion of the Diocese of Rome in Vatican City. Until recently, there still existed hereditary officers of the Roman Curia, holding titles denominating functions that had ceased to be a reality when the Papal States were lost to the papacy. A reorganization, ordered by Pope Pius X, was incorporated into the 1917 Code of Canon Law. Further steps toward reorganization were begun by Pope Paul VI in the 1960s. Among the goals of this curial reform were the modernization of procedures and the internationalization of the curial staff. These reforms are reflected in the 1983 Code of Canon Law. The offices of the Vatican City State are not part of the Roman Curia, which is composed only of offices of the Holy See. The following organs or charges, according to the official website of the Holy See, comprise the Curia. It should be noted that all members of the Curia except the Cardinal Camerlengo and the Major Penitentiary resign their office immediately after a papal death or resignation. ''See sede vacante'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Curia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|